一(yi)、發電機(ji)類型(xing)和(he)功能(neng)特性

發電機(ji)是指通過機(ji)器(qi)的動力(li)生產電力(li)的設備。在牙齒切(qie)換過程中，機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源來自風能(neng)(neng)(neng)、水力(li)、熱能(neng)(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)等其他形(xing)式的能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。根據發展類(lei)型，發電機(ji)主要分為直流發電機(ji)和交流發電機(ji)兩種。

1.直流發電機的功(gong)能特性(xing)

直流產生器(qi)是透過外(wai)部機(ji)器(qi)力產生直流力的發生器(qi)。

物(wu)理圖形顯示如(ru)圖1。

圖1

直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)物理(li)外形直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機易(yi)于使(shi)用(yong)，運(yun)行穩定，可直(zhi)(zhi)接供(gong)電(dian)(dian)到(dao)各種具有直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)要(yao)求的(de)傳(chuan)記(ji)(ji)設(she)備。但(dan)是直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機有交(jiao)換器，容易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)火花，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)效率(lv)低。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機通常(chang)是直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源，可用(yong)于交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)解、傳(chuan)記(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)鍍(du)、充電(dian)(dian)和刺激。

2.交(jiao)流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)功能特性交(jiao)流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)指通過外部(bu)機(ji)(ji)器力產生(sheng)交(jiao)流電(dian)源的(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，分為同步交(jiao)流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和異(yi)步交(jiao)流發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

物理(li)圖形(xing)顯示(shi)如(ru)圖2。

圖2

交流發電機外觀

動(dong)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是可(ke)被直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的交流(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中最(zui)常見(jian)的，它(ta)為(wei)需要交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的各種(zhong)負載設(she)備提供供電(dian)(dian)(dian)和無功。另外，根據使用(yong)的原動(dong)機(ji)(ji)，動(dong)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可(ke)分為(wei)渦輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、水輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、柴油(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、風(feng)能發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)4種(zhong)。交流(liu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)被廣泛使用(yong)。例如(ru)(ru)，各種(zhong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站、企業(ye)、商店(dian)、家用(yong)大氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供應裝置、汽車等。用(yong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。顯示用(yong)例如(ru)(ru)圖3。

圖(tu)3在“牙齒文章(zhang)”中(zhong)詳細說明(ming)

完全理解文章《交流發電機的應用實例》發電機
圖4

交流發電機使用(yong)案例(繼續)

2.為了(le)方(fang)便發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機模(mo)型(xing)和(he)技術(shu)參數發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機的(de)生產管理和(he)使用，國家建立了(le)統一(yi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機模(mo)型(xing)方(fang)法，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機銘牌(pai)貼在(zai)外殼的(de)明(ming)確(que)位置。包括的(de)參數主要有發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機型(xing)號、額定(ding)電(dian)壓、額定(ding)功率、額定(ding)功率、絕緣等級(ji)、頻(pin)率、功率因(yin)數、轉速等。

1.發電機模型(稱為發電機模型)通常是對單位模型的說(shuo)明，包括發電機輸出(chu)電壓類型、發電機單位類型、控(kong)制特(te)性(xing)、設置編號(hao)、環境特(te)性(xing)等。如圖(tu)5個(ge)節目。

圖5

此外，例如(ru)，如(ru)圖6具(ju)有產品編號、額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓、額定(ding)(ding)電(dian)流等直觀且易于識別的(de)發電(dian)機。

圖6在“牙齒文章”中(zhong)詳細介紹

例(li)如，圖7所(suo)示的普通發(fa)電(dian)機的銘牌標(biao)記表(biao)明型號為(wei)“200GF6”。請參閱(yue)上面的命(ming)名方法，以(yi)了解模型標(biao)記的含義

圖(tu)7在“牙齒文(wen)章(zhang)”中詳細說(shuo)明

典型發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)2的(de)銘(ming)牌表達。如(ru)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)主要(yao)技術參數(shu)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)技術參數(shu)如(ru)圖8，將銘(ming)牌標簽作(zuo)為模型，或(huo)直接顯示在發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)箱上(shang)。

圖(tu)8在牙齒(chi)文章中詳細說明

根據一般(ban)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)箱技術(shu)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要技術(shu)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)包(bao)括額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)、定子(zi)布線和絕緣等級牙(ya)齒(chi)。額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)正常運(yun)行時(shi)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(以(yi)千伏為(wei)單位(wei))。額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流額(e)定值是(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)正常連續運(yun)行時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(以(yi)kA為(wei)單位(wei))。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其他參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)額(e)定值時(shi)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)以(yi)牙(ya)齒(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流運(yun)行，定子(zi)線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度上(shang)升不超(chao)過(guo)允許范圍。(3)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速表示發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)軸1分鐘內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速。是(shi)判斷牙(ya)齒(chi)參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)之一。(4)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)中交(jiao)流正弦波周期的(de)(de)(de)(de)倒數(shu)(shu)(shu)，以(yi)赫茲為(wei)單位(wei)。例如(ru)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)50Hz意味著參(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)1至S(交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源方向(xiang)等)將(jiang)更改50次。(5)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其輸(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)可分為(wei)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和有效功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)兩種(zhong)。無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)主(zhu)要用(yong)于磁(ci)場(chang)產生、傳(chuan)記和磁(ci)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)。還為(wei)用(yong)戶提供(gong)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出(chu)總功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)中有效功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)因數(shu)(shu)(shu)。(6)定子(zi)并網發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定子(zi)接線可以(yi)分為(wei)三角形(xing)接線和星形(xing)接線兩種(zhong)。

如圖9。

在發電(dian)機(ji)上，發電(dian)機(ji)定子的三條繞組通常以星形(xing)連接(jie)。

圖9

發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)定子接線方法(fa)(7)中(zhong)絕(jue)緣等(deng)(deng)級(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣等(deng)(deng)級(ji)，主(zhu)要指絕(jue)緣材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)高溫等(deng)(deng)級(ji)。絕(jue)緣材料(liao)(liao)是(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)弱點。高溫容易提(ti)高劣化和(he)破損速度，因此絕(jue)緣材料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)耐熱水平(ping)也不(bu)同。通常，牙(ya)齒(chi)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)顯示(shi)(shi)為(wei)文字。其中(zhong)Y為(wei)90、A為(wei)105、E為(wei)120、B為(wei)130、F為(wei)155、H為(wei)180、C為(wei)180或(huo)以上。(八)其他發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)除上述(shu)技術參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)外，還有發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、總單(dan)位重量、制(zhi)造日(ri)期等(deng)(deng)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。閱讀牙(ya)齒(chi)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)直觀易懂，主(zhu)要供用(yong)戶使用(yong)或(huo)購買時(shi)參考。第三，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)路內(nei)的(de)(de)符(fu)號(hao)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)傳(chuan)記驅動和(he)機(ji)床(chuang)等(deng)(deng)控制(zhi)電(dian)路內(nei)的(de)(de)重要部件(jian)之一。在創建每個(ge)控制(zhi)電(dian)路電(dian)路圖時(shi)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)由(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)其功能的(de)(de)模式、草(cao)圖、文本和(he)其他符(fu)號(hao)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)，而不(bu)是(shi)由(you)(you)實際形狀(例(li)如如圖10)表(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)。

圖10

電路期間發生(sheng)器的符號標記如圖(tu)10

因此，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的符號類似于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)的符號，通(tong)常用“G”表(biao)示(shi)。g是(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，GD是(shi)直(zhi)流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，GA是(shi)交(jiao)流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(異步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji))，GS是(shi)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，GH是(shi)永磁(ci)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。通(tong)過這(zhe)些不同的字母(mu)標(biao)記法，可(ke)以快速識別(bie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路內使用的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)類型。